Social Policy For Shared Societies - 982 Words

(163HS-233F-1: Social Policy for Shared Societies Fall 2016) (By Krishna Prasad Subedi, COEX Program) Reflection of Presentation 11/30/2016 Summary My presentation was based on my previous work experience where I worked as Program Coordinator. The name of the organization is Public Welfare Society Nepal (PWSN) which is located in a rural part of Nepal. Since its establishment in 1990, PWSN has been working in different fields such as health, education, brain drain, environment, agriculture, rural reconstruction, peace-building, community empowerment, and so forth. PWSN has been collaborating with several international organizations (INGOs) for a number of programs. PWSN is fascinating different professionals from different fields for new work. PWSN not only acts as planners but also implements of development plans at the local level. PWSN is helping with mobilizing the local resources to the development growth. This organization is supporting for building a self-reliant sustainable society. The best role of this organization is to mediate between the government and local people. PWSN is also playing an important role to redu ce ethnic conflict by launching rural community participatory programs. Organization and Work Since PWSN has launched the reconstruction and brain gain program, society is adapting to its physical environment. The brain gain program is developing natural and human resources to meet the need of local people. In the local level, organizationShow MoreRelatedAssess the Sociological Perspectives on Crime Prevention. [20 Marks]769 Words   |  4 PagesThe effectiveness of crime prevention strategies has increased in recent years and many sociologists believe that this is the result of society instilling tougher punishments upon its’ members. Despite this, there are many other approaches that attempt to reduce crime. However, they also have their limitations. Clarke believes that situational crime prevention is an approach that focuses on reducing the opportunities for crime to occur rather than improving society’s institutions. This isRead MoreIs There A Sociology Of Love?1046 Words   |  5 Pageslooked at different sexual relationships Sociological perspectives are theories that we use in the sociological world to view our social environment. These are principles set in sociology to answer, illustrate, describe or relate to a certain phenomenon, to give us a perception on a subject. The sociology theories are to enable us to analyse, predict or explain our social sphere. There are macro and micro level analysis of how perspectives work. I am going to evaluate contrasting sociological perspectivesRead MoreThe Corporate Soul is the Culture of an Organization653 Words   |  3 Pages ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE INTRODUCTION: Just as society has a culture, so has an organization. Organizational culture has been called ‘Corporate soul’ (Singh and Paul 1985). The spirit and the ethos that precolates all aspects of organizational behavior and like societal cultureit cannot be seen directly. It has to be inferred by peeling out the most external, tangible, and hence visible sheaths of an organization to the most central and invisible values, beliefs, and assumptions regardingRead MoreWhat Does Culture And Diversity Mean?898 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies to have an understanding and appreciation for the various diverse cultural groups that exist within the world and society that we live in. The term diversity can be described as the differences between people. Appreciation and acceptance of culture, diversity and the differences between people is vital for social justice in educational settings and thereafter. Social justice in education is a concept that expresses ideas based on the notions of equity. Amanda Keddie suggests that equityRead MoreDiversity Is The Equal Coexistence Of Diverse Cultures, Institutions, And / Or Individuals1557 Words   |  7 Pagesvariety of human characteristics (Koppelman 2014). A challenge of diversity faced is on American Education. Education is most important because our future society depends on it and if we did not have it our future would most certainly fail. Learning and schooling is critical for everyone to gain knowledge and continue leading our diverse society forward into the right direction. Since diversity is a common issue relating to students who have gone through these situations there have been many intenseRead MorePrivacy And Surveillance Technology Has Increased Within The Realm Of Web 2.01615 Words   |  7 PagesPrivacy and surveillance is exponentially growing, as are the social mediums that extend its reach. Defined as a close monitori ng system that targets the actions of an individual, surveillance and surveillance technology has increased within the realm of Web 2.0. Anonymity on the Web has succumbed due to the high increase of surveillance, as social networking sites such as, Facebook, facilitate in sustained monitoring of people engaged in everyday activities, whether it be in public or in privateRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1658 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media is online platforms that are accessed through websites and phone applications where people can share photos, videos, thoughts, ideas, opinions, etc. Social media has been an ever changing and growing technology in today’s society. Some of the most popular social media platforms today consist of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Periscope, Pinterest, YouTube, and Reddit. As of January of 2016 there were over 2.307 billion active social media users (Chaffey, 2016). â€Å"Members of social networkingRead MoreThe Influence o f Ther Catholic Church on Iriish Social Policy1740 Words   |  7 PagesChurch on Irish Social Policy This essay examines the influence of the Catholic Church on Irish Social Policy. This essay will focus on the Church’s role as a provider of charity. It seeks to address the following questions: How does one define social policy? Why did strong ties exist between The Catholic Church and the Irish State? Why did the Catholic Church endorse the principle of subsidiarity? What key policies are evident of Catholic influence? How does one define Social Policy? According toRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity903 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient Roman society before this time period was religiously devoted to polytheistic deities. The birth of Jesus and the eventual spread of Christianity brought forth many social and political changes to this society. Christianity was at first persecuted by other religions, and later it would persecute them. Although Christianity in ancient Rome shared some similarities to traditional Roman religion, it was ultimately an absolute change in the ideals and socio-political policies of the Roman RepublicRead MoreThe Identity Of The Arab Nations National Identity1366 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluence in the daily lives of the people in MENA. â€Å"Language, culture, social, and political, economic interests, and a collective memory of their place and role in history. The logic of nationhood is frequently being formed and reformed, reflecting changing conditions and self-conceptions; together these deny total separation as well as complete incorporation in the way communities relate to one another is fortified by shared images and origins† (Barakat, Halim). The national identity of the Arab

Essay on Banana Time Case - 764 Words

BANANA TIME CASE This case deals specifically with the members of the clicking workgroup. The problem appears to be a total lack of supervision and management oversight as the work location is completely isolated from other areas of the shop floor. This lack of supervision has led to a number of concerns. Specifically, the issues of horseplay, extended breaks and operator disruptions, which all lead to a loss of production, are clearly visible during daily operations. These problems, while on the surface may seem trivial, the loss of production and absence of concern for operator safety need to be addressed. If the working group throughput quota is being met, some leniency could be afforded for the extended breaks and operator†¦show more content†¦Third, because the work is not mentally stimulating or challenging, it is recommended that workspace modification be made. These could include additional or improved natural lighting, as well as the introduction of music. A radio could provi de enough mental stimulation that would help keep the operators focused on the clicking operation, while also reducing the amount of verbal conversations and discourses on various subjects. Of course, this brings new issues which include; musical preferences of each operator may be significantly different. Because George is the team lead, he should be responsible for maintaining proper behavior of the operators of the equipment, as well as, adhering to the guidelines for the appropriate length of work breaks. If this means the enforcement of existing, or the development of new policies, Georges roles and responsibilities should be explicitly defined to include this task. If he is not fulfilling these duties, he should be coached in private so that he understands the importance of maintaining professional mannerisms around the dangerous clicking equipment. Finally, the issue of the operators being overqualified is a serious problem to consider. Solutions to this problem could include rotational assignments outside the clicking group to provide some variety in work being performed. Some benefits of rotating employees through theShow MoreRelatedThe World Trade Organization ( Wto )1711 Words   |  7 Pagesdispute over access to the EU s $6.7 billion banana market, the world s largest. The parties, finally, agreed to cut import tariffs on bananas from Latin America, many of which are grown by U.S. corporations like Dole Food Co., Fresh Del Monte Produce Inc. and Chiquita Brands International Inc. In February 1993 the EU adopted the Common Organisation of the Market in Bananas, a single market regime based on quota, tariff and license protection for bananas imports from twelve Africa, Caribbean and PacificRead MoreThe Banana Farmers Of The Windward Islands1318 Words   |  6 Pageslead to the downfall of a single social group while benefiting others. In the case of the banana farmers of the Windward Islands, they are introduced to the free trade system which results in an economic decline which is further decline by neoliberal policies. Many see globalization to be a deep, intricate and wonderful thing which aids and develops many nations of the world to grow and become prosperous. In the case of economic globalization, many economies domestically and internationally haveRead MoreLa Hacienda Musa1625 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Leuven, Belgium. But for Maria Keller, the transition was as natural as it could be. She had spent twenty years in Leuven studying banana genetics at the Catholic University of Leuven’s Laboratory of Tropical Crops, the world center of banana research. She had learned about the challenges the banana-growing industry faced from a variety of diseases, why bananas seemed to be especially susceptible, and how difficult it is to develop new strains of the world’s most popular fruit. But after two decadesRead MoreMock Trail Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesthis case. She believes his testimony will show the grocery store has practices and procedures in place to minimize liability. The strongest points that will be relieved in D’ Lakes’ testimony for the defense is: †¢ Grocery depot Inc safety policies and practices †¢ The store employees’ willingness to adhere to the policies †¢ The condition of the store premises On the other hand, the strongest points that plaintiff’s lawyers will want to relieve is: †¢ The stores procedures for banana displays Read MoreBanana Is A Common Tropical And Subtropical Fruit Eaten By A Great Number Of People Worldwide1096 Words   |  5 Pages1 Introduction Banana is a common tropical and subtropical fruit eaten by a great number of people worldwide, it is also regarded as main staple food crop in many developing countries. However, banana has very short shelf life, is very easy to get decomposed and often affected by many postharvest diseases, which cause a lot of serious impacts on banana distribution, especially for the exported bananas. Among all the postharvest diseases of banana, crown rot is the most significantRead MoreSocial Observation : Swap Meet899 Words   |  4 Pagesalso sell their old household and personal items for bargain prices similar to a garage sale. My grandpa has a booth and he sells bananas, every weekend my mom and I assist my grandpa with the booth. I observed and took notes for half an hour on the customers that came to buy in our banana booth. During the observation, there were 27 individuals who came into our banana booth. There were a family of five; a family of three with a toddler boy. I noticed that these two families both have younger childrenRead MoreBanana Cultures By John Soluri1647 Words   |  7 PagesWe eat bananas almost every day; however, most of us do not really know where these fruits come from. In Banana Cultures, John Soluri focuses on the relationship between banana production in Honduras, especially in the North Coast between roughly 1870 and 1975, and banana consumption in the U. S.. He focuses on growing, protecting, transporting, and mass marketing of bananas. John Soluri integrates Agroecology, anthropology, political economy, and history in order to trace the symbolic growth ofRead MoreFood And Agriculture Organization Of The United Nations1467 Words   |  6 PagesBack in the 19th century bananas were not widely known. In fact, the western world hardly consumed the fruit, because of its exotic origin. The cultivation of banana is not easy. Bananas are one of the most highly perishable products that also need specific weather conditions in order to thrive. Indeed, bananas are only cropped in tropical regions, where temperature never falls under 13-14 degrees Celsius with high percentage of humidity and well-drained soil. Moreover, countries with tropical climateRead MoreBlood Banana Case1006 Words   |  5 PagesBUSA 4980 10/24/12 Case analysis Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Columbia As learned in class, the advantages of international business are great, but so are the risks. Some of the risks involve ethical issues as the ones Chiquita faced doing business in Columbia. Chiquita was the first to successfully internationalize banana trade; Chiquita did so by paying special attention to retail development and followed industry trends. Their competitive advantage was acquired when the company revolutionalizedRead MoreBlood Bananas1356 Words   |  6 Pageslearned a very hard lesson about paying off terrorist groups to protect their employees. Over the past 25 years, no place has been more perilous for companies than Colombia, a country that is finally beginning to emerge from the effects its Colombian banana subsidiaries had made protection payments to terrorist groups from 1997 through 2004. The Justice Department began an investigation, focusing on the role and conduct of Chiquita and some of its officers in this criminal activity. Subsequently, Chiquita

A History Of Computer Viruses Essay Research free essay sample

A History Of Computer Viruses Essay, Research Paper Overview In the undermentioned study, computing machine viruses will be explained in item. A drawn-out and enlightening description of the development and history on personal computer viruses will be given, to give you a background of their beginning for some apprehension of how they came to be. The following section in the study is on how to battle computing machine viruses with the development of anti-virus applications. The current position of personal computer viruses will besides be discussed, calling the most common types of viruses and the most harmful type at this present point in clip. Detailss of the most recent eruptions of computing machine viruses, such as the Melissa, I Love You and the most recent Anna Kournikova viruses will be explained, and why they are so harmful. I will besides give you my recommendations on how to battle this menace of computing machine viruses, what Anti-virus Applications that I believe should be used, and why updating your virus definitions for these plans on a regular footing is so critical and of import in your pursuit to hold a happy and clean computing machine. And eventually, I give you my decision in which I can merely trust that you will happen helpful. A History Of Computer Viruses The term Virus was non used to depict a self-replicating computing machine plan until the American electrical applied scientist named Fred Cohen associated the term with it in 1983. In the 1950 s at Bell Laboratories, John von Neumann s theory in which he made in 1949 was put to the trial. His theory stated that it was ( MS Encarta 98, Virus [ computing machine ] , History ) Theoretically possible for a computing machine plan to retroflex. His theory was tested after a game called Core Wars was developed whereby ( MS Encarta 98, Virus [ computing machine ] , History ) Players created bantam computing machine plans that attacked, erased, and tried to propagate on an opposition s system. In the late 1960 s through to the early 1970 s, the plan called The Rabbit was invariably looking on the mainframes at the clip. Kaspersky ( www.avp.ch ) These plans cloned themselves, occupied system resources, therefore take downing the productiveness of the system. These viruses were merely localized, as they did non distribute from one system to another and are thought to hold merely been buffooneries or errors by coders. The Univac 1108 and IBM 360/370 systems were infected with one of the first known computing machine viruses, Permeating Animal. This virus attached itself to feasible files, which damaged the infected file. In 1986 the first stealing virus hit IBM Compatible Personal computer s, called the BRAIN virus. The fact that it was Stealth meant that it was undetectable, and Kaspersky ( www.avp.ch ) if there was an effort to read the septic sector, the virus substituted it with a clean original 1. It originated in Pakistan and was made by two brothers Basit and Amjad Farooq Alvi who were package sellers. The intent of their virus was to happen out the extent of buccaneering in their state, and it left a text message with their name, reference and telephone figure. This virus was spread by septic 360kb floppies, and had infected IBM PC s worldwide by 1987. The viruses Stone and Internet Worm ( MORRIS ) appeared in 1988. Rock was the first bootstrap-sector virus that infects the boot sector of a floppy disc. If the septic diskette was used as a boot disc, it so infected the maestro boot record. This meant that even if the whole hard-drive were formatted, it would still be infected. To acquire rid of the virus the maestro boot record had to be erased by utilizing the public-service corporation called FDISK and lading the bid FDISK /MBR. The Internet Worm Morris infected over six thousand computing machines in the USA entirely, which infected institutes such as NASA. The virus was spread by doing limitless transcripts of itself and infecting computing machines over a big web. In 1989 Russia was hit by an epidemic of viruses. First of wholly, there were two versions of the virus Cascade, followed by the Vacsina and Yankee viruses, so Vienna, Eddie, and so PingPong. The first Polymorphic viruses appeared in 1990 Chameleon. The Chameleon Family of viruses are encoded, utilizing two algorithms. The first algorithm contains the existent virus discrepancies, and the 2nd is the algorithm that complicates the viruses following. The first Macro linguistic communication viruses appeared sometime in 1995. ( MS Encarta 98, Virus [ computing machine ] , History ) A macro linguistic communication virus controls the maps of a legitimate plan. It can infect any computing machine or operating system that can run the plan. The Development of Anti-virus Applications About ten old ages ago, long after the debut of the computing machine virus, certain companies started to do plans to battle the computing machine virus epidemic. These plans are called Antiviral Software. Antiviral package is used to scan system memory, the maestro boot record, and each and every file on a Personal computer for the features of a virus s codification. Because the plan knows what codification it is looking for, septic files can normally be disinfected and return to, or every bit close to its original province. Antiviral package can merely be effectual if the virus definitions are updated on a regular basis, as 100s of new viruses are written every twenty-four hours. Antiviral package is non wholly fool cogent evidence, as non all viruses are known of. As of 1995 when the first Macro viruses were introduced, coders had to alter the manner their companies anti-virus plans scanned for viruses as a new technique had to be used to happen these viruses, otherwise the viruses would travel undetected. The Current Status Of Microcomputer Viruses The chief types Boot, Program and Multi-partite ( a combination of both boot and plan ) viruses are all still a menace to anyone who portions files from other computing machines, or who is connected to the Internet or a web. The major menace to computing machine users these yearss nevertheless, and since there debut in 1995 is the household of Macro viruses. A macro is a set of key strokes and instructions that can be saved in a individual short key codification ( MS Encarta 98, Virus [ computing machine ] , History ) . It is written in assembly linguistic communication and can be used in legitimate plans such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus WordPro, Microsoft Outlook Express etc, merely to call a few. These key strokes and instructions are used to do a figure of boring and time-consuming operations in to one simple key stroke. Evil and conniving coders have found another usage for the macro, and that is to turn it into a Virus by doing a figure of operations that can Reich havoc on your computing machine. This type of Virus can do loss of your informations, or even working your privateness in plans such as Microsoft Outlook by stealing watchwords or recognition card Numberss from your computing machine and giving them to the individual that launched the virus. In Microsoft Outlook Express it normally makes a transcript of all the people listed in your reference book, and it so sends those people the virus as a papers fond regard in the electronic mail. This pyramid of references from peoples address books is the ground why macro viruses made for legitimate e-mail plans such as Microsoft Outlook Express spread to so many computing machines and so rapidly in merely a short period of clip. Major eruptions in this type of virus have been the Melissa, I Love You and the Anna Kournikova viruses. Detailss Of Recent Virus Outbreaks The most recent and most major virus eruptions of late, have all been from the Macro household of viruses. In 1999 the Melissa virus was in the wild and replicated under MS Office 97 and MS Office 2000, utilizing the e-mail plan MS Outlook to distribute. Kaspersky ( www.avp.ch ) The virus besides has trigger everyday, changes the system register, disables Word macro-virus protection. This virus infects Word paperss by altering the informations format, and if the virus is run under MS Office 2000, it has an excess action that disables MS Office 2000 anti-virus security, which can do it travel undetected. The I love You Bug, besides known as I-Worm.LoveLetter is the following most recent major eruption which was starting its ugly head up all over computing machines worldwide in the beginning of May 2000. Kaspersky ( www.avp.ch ) The worm spreads via E-mail by directing septic messages from affected computing machines. Once once more, this is another virus that uses MS Outlook to steal contacts from your reference book, and direct everyone listed there the virus. This virus merely works on systems that have Windows Scripting Host installed, but unluckily Windows 98 and Windows 2000 have it installed by default. The most recent eruption was in February 2001, the Anna Kournikova virus, which is another virus sent as an fond regard via the electronic mail in MS Outlook. The file name for the fond regard is AnnaKournikova.jpg.vbs, along with a message that entices the reader to open the file, claiming it to be an expressed image of the celebrated Tennis Star Anna Kournikova. The virus infected computing machines worldwide, but it is said to hold hit Australia the hardest with an estimated 100,000 computing machines infected by the electronic mail ( CNN.COM, 2001 ) . My Recommendations For Basic And Feasible Anti-Virus Measures To be protected from the bulk of harmful computing machine viruses, you need an Anti-virus Application of some description, with its virus definitions updated on a regular basis for the best protection. I use a plan called Antiviral Toolkit Pro, and I personally believe it to be the most affectional. It s virus definitions are updated day-to-day, and a full working version with a 30 twenty-four hours rating licence can be downloaded from www.avp.ch. I besides recommend that you should put in more than one anti-viral application, as I have noticed that sometimes one plan may observe a virus that the other may non, or even, one may make a better occupation disinfecting the septic files. Other respectable anti-virus applications include Norton Anti-virus 2001, in which an rating demo can be downloaded from www.symantec.com, and McAfee Anti-virus which can be downloaded from www.mcafee.com. All full versions of these can be bought from respectable retail merchants such as Harvey Norman etc. Decision In decision Macro viruses are the latest and greatest menace, so ever be careful when opening up e-mail fond regards. In this twenty-four hours and age, an anti-virus plan of some description is a must hold, as some protection is better than no protection at all. To hold the most affectional protection possible, a well-known and well-accredited anti-virus plan is a demand, non a privation. This has to come with on a regular basis updated virus definitions that can be downloaded from the Internet. If updated virus definitions can non be updated on a regular basis, so the anti-virus plan should be rendered useless, as it can non and will non protect you from the latest and meanest viruses. Although these plans can non protect you one hundred per centum from the 1000s of new viruses that are written mundane, it will protect you from the chief menaces. Unfortunately viruses are here to remain!

The Crucible8 Essay Example For Students

The Crucible8 Essay Many literary works have been produced that symbolize other periods of time or certain events that have occurred throughout history. One example is the play The Crucible by Arthur Miller. There is little symbolism within The Crucible, however, the play can be seen as symbolic of the paranoia about Communism that pervaded American in the 1950s. Several similarities exist between Millers depiction of the seventeenth-century witch trials and the time of the Red Scare. The House of the Un-American Activities Committees rooting of suspected communisms during the Red Scare and the courts actions in The Crucible are very similar.Both were narrow-minded, displayed excessive enthusiasm and disregard for the individuals that characterized the governments effort to stamp out a perceived social illness. During the setting of the Red Scare and The Crucible, paranoia was evident and many bad things occurred as a result of its presence. At the time of the Red Scare, many were afraid that communists were trying to take over America. This led the government to make the House of the Un-American Activities Committee, which would seek out communists and stop them from making any attempts of taking over the country. If the committee found anyone guilty of being a communist then they were jailed, or even killed like Ethel and Julius Rosenburg. The paranoia created caused the committee to put hundreds of people on trial that never practice communism at all. The paranoia in The Crucible also led to many terrible events to occur. After Betty and Ruth are struck sick and tired, many conclude that it is due to witchcraft. The notion of witchcraft being present in Salem causes paranoia and people become frightened. Searches are sent out to find these alleged witches and dispose them. The paranoia causes many people to be brought before the court in order for Salem to rid it of these evil witches. If they were found guilty, they were also jailed or killed. In both cases, the paranoia cause d many innocent lives to be ruined or lost.The House of the Un-American Activities Committee and Judge Danforth prosecuted and ruined many innocent lives. The paranoia that was present during the Red Scare caused the House of the Un-American Activities Committee to put hundreds of suspected communists on trial. Over 320 people were jailed or blacklisted due to the rulings of the House of the Un-American Committee. Many of those people were innocent, but the House of the American Committee refused to listen to whatever pleas they made in order to prove their innocence. This is the same for the numerous citizens that were put on trial during the seventeenth century witch hunts in Millers play. Many of the citizens Judge Danforth put on trial were prosecuted because they were suspected of practicing witchcraft. Many of which were innocent as well, like Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey. Even though they were innocent they were found guilty. Judge Danforth also did not bother to change his rulings whenever the defendants showed good evidence of their innocence, like when Giles Corey and Francis Nurse brought a signed petition that stated that there their wives were not witches but were good people. Many lives in Salem were ruined as well due to these witch trials.Many were hanged or imprisoned due to the court rulings of Judge Danforth. Very little could be done to save ones life. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible8 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The House of the Un-American Committee and the authority in Salem both encouraged their defendants to name names, identifying others sympathetic to their radical cause. The House of the Un-American Activities Committee offered to salvage the lives of people if they would name others whom they knew were guilty of practicing communism. The type of thing appears in The Crucible as well. If the people would confess who they knew practiced witchcraft they might receive a pardon. This is shown when Abigail names Tituba in order to save herself. In both cases, many of the people would say the names of the innocent in order to save themselves. The House of the Un-American Committee and the court of Salem would be very appreciated of this, but it was also created more chaos and make matters worse. .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .postImageUrl , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:hover , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:visited , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:active { border:0!important; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:active , .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27 .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90fa95039a7e2a2e484e1be9aa2f5c27:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Turgenev: Realist or Romantic? EssayThe paranoia and chaos that surfaced during the time of the Red Scare in the 1950s is also present during the time of the seventeenth century witch trials depicted in The Crucible. The House of the Un-American Activities Committee and the court in Salem are a lot a like. They both tried and ruined the lives of the innocent. They also encouraged defendants to name the names of others in order to salvage their own life, which brought about more chaos and worsened the matter. Bibliography:

TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY BE PROMOTED IN S essays

TO WHAT EXTENT SHOULD ELEMENTS OF DEMOCRACY BE PROMOTED IN S essays Would you rather have freedom and privileges under your parents control or none at all? Parents setting and running the rules their child is related to what essentials a democratic government uses to run a nation. The issues of government raise several questions such as does government involvement in peoples lives guarantee stability and security for them? Can the government be held accountable and if not can they easily be replaced? Will the rights and freedoms of minority groups be promoted and supported? The questions introduce the ideas of democracy and dictatorship. Democracy is based on an ideology of John Locke and he believed everybody was born reasonable and citizens should chose a good leader to un the nation and if they werent doing a good job then the people have the right 2 rebel. Democracy is a multi party system that originated in Athens, Greece. It focuses on the will of the majority while respected the minorities. Thomas Hobbes promotes dictatorship and he thought ev erybody was born equal so society needed a strong leader to run the nation backed up by a strong military. Dictatorship is run by centralized power focusing on the stability of the nation. In a democratic society civil liberties are promoted, minority groups are supported, there is a higher standard of living, and there is freedom of press and speech. However, they tend to have a weaker military to defend them and there is inefficiency and high costs to run the nation. Dictatorships use extreme force on other nations and well as own to keep the obedience of the people, there is elitism which leads to discrimination, racism, and prejudice to minority groups. Dictatorship has strong military to defend them; there is better stability, and they also gain obedience of citizens. Upon Analysis this issue remains complex. However due to the fact that democracy promotes minority rights and freedoms, accountability, and separation of powers and dictatorsh...

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. The WritePass Journal

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. Introduction A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. IntroductionHistoryLeadership teamGlobal brandProductsIngredientsEthos and campaigningBenefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Free Cash Flow Valuation AssumptionsValuation Stages Related Introduction Lush is about passion and innovation: passionate about the nature, environment and growth; and innovative for its handmade, unpacked and fresh cosmetics, seductive perfumes, and natural products. Born from the ashes of Cosmetics to Go, Lush is now headquartered in Poole, Dorset in the UK. The company was initially registered with the Companies House by the name of Cosmetic House Limited in 1994 but was later renamed to Lush in the year 1995. It now operates over 600 stores in 43 countries worldwide. The fuel for this growth has been the result of adopting fresh natural ingredients, ideas and fun. The company’s’ ideology is the most important part of everything that it signifies. Lush produces and sells a range of handmade products, like face masks, soaps, bath bombs, bubble bars, hand and body lotions, hair treatments, etc. Lush uses natural resources like fruits, vegetables, essential oils, and synthetic ingredients without any animal fat in all its products. It is also against animal testing and performs tests solely with volunteers instead. This philosophy of its leaders attracts like-minded people, staff and clients, and communicates the brand essence with a clear vision and direction. History The original incarnation of what is now Lush began in the 1970s when Mark Constantine, an herbal trichologist, and Elizabeth Weir, incorporated a company named Constantine Weir. They began with developing recipes for bath and beauty products and toted them round to potential buyers. Their verdict was: â€Å"Too earnest, very authentic, not at all commercial.†Ã‚   Constantine Weir was one of the associate and suppliers to The Body Shop (acquired by LOrà ©al in 2006), a UK -based company founded in 1976 by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_RoddickAnita Roddick. As The Body Shop grew, Anita made a bid the rights to many of the products produced by Constantine Weir for The Body Shop. It was good to be associated with the fastest growing cosmetic company in the world which was using products and ideas by CW. This association was hampered after The Body Shop floated in 1984, when the partnership became uncomfortably formal. The Body Shop eventually bought the intellectual property rights to the business of Constantine Weir for  £9m in 1991. CW managed to dodge the buyout by starting a new company named ‘Cosmetics to Go’ in 1988. This company was primarily a mail-order business which failed ignominiously in 1994. However, CTG managed to obtain new finance from Peter Blacker, of British Ensign Estates and his finance director Andrew Gerrie, who now form an integral part of the board of Lush. In 1994, CTG was renamed to Lush as result of a contest wherein they requested their existing customers to suggest a new name. Leadership team Peter Blacker and Andrew Gerrie were the first to help Constantine when CTG was already in agony and later were responsible in establishing Lush. Gerrie, an opulent entrepreneur had tremendous experience in cash and finance, was a great support to Constantine after having lost his confidence following the CTG debacle. Gerrie had a catalysing effect on the growth of Lush’s fortunes and is leading the expansion of the company. Constantine’s expertise in producing cosmetics is well complemented by Andrew’s ability of managing finances. Constantine and Andrew are the recognised leaders of the company. Besides being experts in their respective fields, they are socially intelligent, organisationally efficient and have a strong sense of imagination. The leadership team of Lush includes Elizabeth Bennett,  Helen Ambrosen, Karl Joseph Bygrave and Margaret Joan who are also the shareholders. Global brand Lush is a leading global brand with over 600 stores and subsidiaries in 43 countries worldwide and production laboratories in Europe, Canada, Australia, South America, Singapore and Japan. Their aim is to offer â€Å"the freshest products in the history of cosmetics.† All the stores in UK are fully owned by the company and the stores overseas are subsidiaries with local managers. The Lush store partnership model ensures management coherence and commitment with the company. Personal ownership adds motivation while willingness to invest in Lush means that the Lush concept is endorsed. At the same time Lush remains directly involved and able to steer the branch. Lush does not supply any other retailer so everything they produce is only sold in Lush shops or on-line from Lush websites. Products Lush produces many different types of cosmetic products, from hair, face, body, and foot care, all the way to bath and shower care. Lush creates solid products to reduce packaging waste and the need for preservatives. Solid products are sold wrapped in paper or in small bags. Lush encourages customers and staff to purchase products using their own shopping bags to be more eco-friendly and even motivate customers to let their products go naked (without any packaging whatsoever). Some examples of Lushs solid products include bubble bath bars, shampoo bars, hair conditioner bars, solid shower gel, and massage bars. Lush also carries bath bombs, also called bath ballistics, which are solid balls made of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid that fizz as they dissolve in the bath, releasing essential oils that scent the bath and soften the skin, and in some cases glitter, confetti, flower petals or seaweed. They hand-make the products in a factory in small batches based on orders from indivi dual stores in order to keep their products fresh. In order to stay in touch with their fresh standard, Lush does not sell any product in their store thats older than 4 months and most products have a total shelf life of approximately 14 months. Ingredients Lush lists their product ingredients in English as well as Japanese, French and many other languages, and uses fruit, vegetables, other plant products, and safe synthetics. Many products are labeled with a use-by date and who made the product. All Lush products are vegetarian, and less than 30% contain animal products such as beeswax, honey, free range, unfertilized eggs and lanolin. Lush uses minimal packaging (over 70% of their products contain no packaging at all); the packaging that they do use is 100% recyclable and are made from used plastics and cardboard. Products which contain no animal ingredients at all are marked as vegan in Lush catalogues, on store displays, and on the container itself. Lush uses methyl- and propyl- parabens, which have been used in food preservation and are both made of plant materials. Only the liquid products contain parabens; solid products have no preservative content as it is water that can breed bacteria in products. 70% of Lush products are preservative-free. Ethos and campaigning Lush does not buy from companies that carry out, fund, or commission any animal testing. Lush itself tests its products on human volunteers before they are sold. In keeping with its stated ethos, Lush has also begun to phase out its use of sodium palm kernelate. Sodium palm kernelate is derived from trees in the natural habitat of orguntans. Greenwash, a pine scented soap, is the first soap to be made using palm-free soap noodles, but as of 2008 all Lush soaps are made with palm-free soap base. Their aim is to have 100% of [their] packaging easily recyclable, compostable or biodegradable†.   Lush is a supporter of controversial direct action, animal rights operations including the Sea Shepherds, a group that works to protect whales, seals, and other aquatic animals.   In 2007 Lush started openly supporting campaigning groups by sending a dozen cheques for  £1000 each, including road protests groups such as Road Block and NoM1Widening, Hacan Clear Skies (anti-aviation group), and Dump the Dump (which is fighting against an incinerator) They introduced the Charity Pot body lotion, each pot promotes a different small charity on the lid, and the full purchase price (except for VAT) goes to charity. They have also introduced a range of Go Green products that they say are inspired by Rebecca Lush (no relation), a roads campaigner who set up Road Block in the early 1990s and who pied Jeremy Clarkson for his glorification of the car. Benefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Listing on a stock exchange can add value to a business of any size. Moreover, stock exchange listing cast a wider net into the capitalization pool i.e. the potential sources of equity funding, when a company is planning for expansion and leveraging. A listing will also to attach importance to Employee Share Ownership Scheme of Lush. By obtaining a listing on a stock exchange, Lush will gain market exposure to a broader membership of the financial community including market makers, traders, retail investors and various financial institutions. This will eventually benefit Lush it’s a growing business and worth investing. Thus, listing will potentially increase capital investments of Lush, as opposed to private negotiations and networking, providing a better exposure to a larger financial market and wider range of investors.Being listed on an exchange implies that Lush meet the requirements and standards set by the exchange. This will add credibility to its business and therefore enhance its brand equity by improve customer’s perception of value in the company and its products. Moreover, listing will enhance financial information and investor public relations through the information/disclosures made available as required by listed companies. Listing will facilitate Lush to ascertain its Enterprise Value and share price. A need for capital investment is one of the main factors for Lush to lists on a stock exchange. Lush is a product based company and requires capital for producing inventories. Given the fact that they use on natural ingredients, their products are slightly expensive since they have to import or cultivate their ingredients regularly. Stock market listing will provide wider and more accessible forms of investment for both investors and businesses. This will largely support a free market for buyers and sellers to meet, access and trade capital for ownership and vice versa. It could also be used as one of several sources of capital leveraging. Lush finances its production through debt. Their debt gearing is a striking 40.63% which is very high for a product manufacturing company. Also their interest cover of 13.84% is also high. Listing on the exchange will provide a low cost of capital financing. It will also provide increased capitalization through wider market exposure and reduce the reliance on alternative sources of funding such as venture capital firms. This lower reliance for alternative sources of financing will improve negotiating leverage of the company when obtaining financing from venture capital firms whether it be through less liability protection as determined by the stock ownership terms or lower cost of capital. In other words, if the market exposure gained through listing is positive, the effects on financing can also be positive. To summarize, listing a business on a stock exchange may be a good idea for a business seeking improved market awareness, greater potential for capital investment, enhancements to brand equity and negotiating influence etc. Listing on an exchange should probably be in line with or in accordance with business strategy, otherwise the listing may be premature or unnecessary. Free Cash Flow Valuation The discounted-cash-flow approach attempts to determine the value of the company (or â€Å"enterprise value†) by computing the present value of cash flows over the life of the company. Since a corporation is assumed to have infinite life, the analysis here is broken into a forecast period and a terminal value. Ideally, the forecast period should equate with the interval over which the firm enjoys opportunities for relatively high growth. The value of the company derived from free cash flows occurring after the forecast period is captured by a terminal value. To estimate the terminal value, cash flows are projected under a steady state assumption that the firm enjoys no opportunities for abnormal growth. Once a schedule of free cash flows is developed for the enterprise, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used to discount them to determine the present value. The sum of the present values of the forecast period and the terminal value cash flows provides an estimate o f company or enterprise value. Free cash flow equals the sum of NOPAT (net operating profits after taxes.), plus depreciation and noncash charges, less capital investment and less investment in working capital. NOPAT is used to capture the earnings after taxes that are available to all providers of capital (i.e., NOPAT has no deductions for financing costs). Moreover, since the tax deductibility of interest payments is accounted for in the WACC, such financing tax effects are also excluded from the free cash flow, which can be expressed as: FCF=NOPAT + Depreciation – CAPEX – ΔNWC NOPAT is equal to Operating Income x (1-Tc) where Tc is the marginal tax rate (30% equal to the UK corporate tax rate). Assumptions All items were taken from financial statements of Lush. The growth figures of sales for the year 2010 has been taken to be 30% which is the average sales growth form the year 2005-2009. After obtaining listing the company is supposed to have enough funds for operation and will not require any debt financing. Hence, the growth rate is likely to growth at an average 5% for the 1st five years from its listing. This phenomenon was also observed in the case of body shop where its growth shot up rapidly (22.54% in 1984 to an avg growth rate of 37.19% in 1989)over the 1st five years from its listing on the stock exchange. The risk free rate is taken to be 4% as an average risk free rate of debt. Also the risk premium has been assumed to be 4%. The cost of debt assumed is 11.5% because Lush does a lot of short term borrowing and rates are high and generally fluctuate. Also their gearing has been really high and implies that they pay a very high rate of interest. The stock beta has been obtained from The Body Shop (now L’Oreal). The Body Shop has been used as a comparable company since its origination, method of operations and business is very similar to Lush. Some of the items have been expressed as a percentage of Sales to help us in our forecasts (% of Sales approach). The given growth rates of L’Oreal have been used to compute Sales for 2010-SS.2 COGS and SGA can be approximated on the basis of their past relationship with Sales. We have assumed that this relationship will be the same in the future. We have assumed that fixed assets will continue to grow at a rate of 40.75% which represents the average growth in fixed assets between 2005-2009. In reality, it is unlikely that Lush assets will be growing at such high rate forever. The historical depreciation/Fixed Assets ratio (average) is 23.4%. Given that there is no great variation in this historical ratio one can safely assume that the relationship between the two will be maintained in the future. We can then calculate an estimate for fixed assets and as a result depreciation itself as a function of fixed assets. Valuation Stages We assume that the valuation exercise is performed at the end of 2009, i.e. that the first FCF (end 2009) arrives 1 year from the time of the valuation. Terminal Value is then calculated as follows: Terminal Value = FCFSteady State à · (WACC − gss)4 This is the value of all cash flows after 2014 as of the end of 2014 that then needs to be converted to value today (i.e. end of 2009). So it needs to be discounted 5 periods back. PV Terminal Value = Terminal Value / (1+WACC) Then the PV of the FCFs from 2010 to 2014 is: PVFCF2010-2014 = FCF2010/(1+WACC)+ FCF2011/(1+WACC)^2 + FCF2012/(1+WACC)^3 + FCF2013/(1+WACC)^4+ FCF2014/(1+WACC)^5 The Enterprise Value is then given by PV Terminal Value + PVFCF2010-2014 This is the value of the firm to all providers of capital. To get the equity value one needs to subtract the value of total debt (ST Debt + LT Debt) The terminal value growth rate used in the valuation is 15%, which equals the long-term risk-free rate; i.e., the long-term Treasury yield. Cosmetics companies are non-cyclical companies and have very little impact of inflation on their growth. Also Lush is one of its kind, and is therefore expected to growth at 15%. Looking at the its previous growth figures (18.94% CAGR for the past 15 years), 15% is a justified steady state growth rate. The resulting Enterprise Value is 81.02mil and the value of Equity 47.59mil. The corresponding per share figure is 2.13 pence which can then be compared to future actual share prices. References chx.com/content/Trading_Inform ation/Listing_standards.html ht tp://www.nasdaq.com/about/list ing_information.stm cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/U SStockExchs.html http://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=OR.PA reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=OREP.PA 1. â€Å"Soap Stars†, The Business FT Weekend Magazine, 08.06.02 2. www.lush.co.uk 3. From a Lush shopping bag and website (www.lush.co.uk) 4. Lush mission statement 5. Marketing: Lush Gets a Makeover, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus Graduate School of Business, available on-line at www.brianlhill.com/projects/ExperienceMarketing_Lush.pdf 6. Reported by Sarah McCartney, Editor of Lush Times 9 Mary Linehan, Lush Press Office 10. â€Å"Living the Lush life† by Marge C. Enriquez, Lifestyle, 10.12.01

Why is there a demand for maritime transport What is a maritime Essay

Why is there a demand for maritime transport What is a maritime transport system and who are the actors in maritime transport business - Essay Example All business documents and transactions recorded require a carefully done analysis and accounting for appropriate recognition. This is especially so since the business can be affected by the global recession of yester years. A documented life history of the maritime business transaction needs to be evaluated. The design of the ship plays a critical role as part of an acquisition arrangement (Pallis, 2007). There are many objectives attained through sea trade. Issues of freight rates have to be determined in the maritime transport. The market return of this kind of transport must be determined. This ought to be achieved so that a critical cost benefit program can be instituted (Pallis, 2007). Sea mode of transport is common in many nations across the world. Bulk goods dominate this market. With the emergence of aviation, passengers are not common in the mode of transport. Its considerable advantage over the air is that it is a cheap mode of transport. It is used over the sea, canals, lakes and even across the river but it is slow compared to other modes hence it is not friendly to perishable goods (Force, 2006). The reliance on water has been directly unpractical for nations that are land locked. Being land locked means that the country connection to territorial waters is minimal. The European colonial powers were among the first nations to establish connections in the marine trade. This achievement dates back since 1450 AD with the opening up of the Atlantic, Pacific and the Indian Ocean that brought about the expansive sea trade. This brought about the element of voyages for discovery by that time. The trend has continued in a progressive way. This positive movement in the trend shows a realized economic gain because of this trade. A survey carried out in the year 2006 showed that 86% in terms of volume and 70.1% in terms of value of the global trade was water born. The capital outlay in the investment forms the greatest challenge with the maintenance cost